Drought tolerance traits explain differential stem growth rates of evergreen and deciduous trees in a tropical karst forest

doi:10.1016/j.pld.2024.08.001

Plant Diversity ›› 2025, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (03): 454-465.DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2024.08.001

• Articles • Previous Articles Next Articles

Drought tolerance traits explain differential stem growth rates of evergreen and deciduous trees in a tropical karst forest

Yu-Mei Yan^a,b, Ze-Xin Fan^b,c, Pei-Li Fu^b,c, Zhi-Yong Zhang^a

a. Lushan Botanical Garden, Jiangxi Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lushan 332900, Jiangxi, China;
b. CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla 666303, Yunnan, China;
c. Ailaoshan Station of Subtropical Forest Ecosystem Studies, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jingdong 676209, Yunnan, China

Received:2023-10-17 Revised:2024-07-29 Online:2025-05-21 Published:2025-05-25
Contact: Ze-Xin Fan,E-mail:fanzexin@xtbg.org.cn
Supported by:
This work was financially funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (3186113307, 31770533, 31870591) and the West Light Talent Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (xbzg-zdsys-202218).

Drought tolerance traits explain differential stem growth rates of evergreen and deciduous trees in a tropical karst forest

Yu-Mei Yan^a,b, Ze-Xin Fan^b,c, Pei-Li Fu^b,c, Zhi-Yong Zhang^a

a. Lushan Botanical Garden, Jiangxi Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lushan 332900, Jiangxi, China;
b. CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla 666303, Yunnan, China;
c. Ailaoshan Station of Subtropical Forest Ecosystem Studies, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jingdong 676209, Yunnan, China

通讯作者: Ze-Xin Fan,E-mail:fanzexin@xtbg.org.cn
基金资助:
This work was financially funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (3186113307, 31770533, 31870591) and the West Light Talent Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (xbzg-zdsys-202218).

Abstract

Abstract: The karst forest in southwestern China is characterized by thin soil layers, numerous fissures and holes, resulting in low soil water availability and poor water retention, making it challenging for plant growth and survival. While the relationship between plant functional traits and tree growth performance has been extensively studied, the links between tree seasonal growth and drought-tolerant traits in tree species with different leaf habit remains poorly understood. This study evaluated the associations between four-year averaged rainy season stem diameter growth rate and 17 branch and leaf traits across evergreen and deciduous species in a tropical karst forest in southwest China. The cross-species variations in tree growth rates were related to plant hydraulic traits (e.g., vessel lumen diameter, xylem vessel density, stomatal density, and stomatal size) and leaf anatomical traits (e.g., total leaf thickness, lower/upper epidermis thickness, and spongy thickness). The growth of evergreen trees exhibited lower hydraulic efficiency but greater drought tolerance than deciduous tree, which enabled them to maintain higher persistence under low soil water availability and consequently a relatively longer growing season. In contrast, deciduous species showed no correlation between their functional traits and growth rate. The distinct water use strategies of evergreen and deciduous trees may offer a potential explanation for their co-existence in the tropical karst forests.

Key words: Functional traits, Growth rates, Drought-tolerant, Hydraulic conductivity, Leaf anatomy traits, Tropical karst forest

摘要： The karst forest in southwestern China is characterized by thin soil layers, numerous fissures and holes, resulting in low soil water availability and poor water retention, making it challenging for plant growth and survival. While the relationship between plant functional traits and tree growth performance has been extensively studied, the links between tree seasonal growth and drought-tolerant traits in tree species with different leaf habit remains poorly understood. This study evaluated the associations between four-year averaged rainy season stem diameter growth rate and 17 branch and leaf traits across evergreen and deciduous species in a tropical karst forest in southwest China. The cross-species variations in tree growth rates were related to plant hydraulic traits (e.g., vessel lumen diameter, xylem vessel density, stomatal density, and stomatal size) and leaf anatomical traits (e.g., total leaf thickness, lower/upper epidermis thickness, and spongy thickness). The growth of evergreen trees exhibited lower hydraulic efficiency but greater drought tolerance than deciduous tree, which enabled them to maintain higher persistence under low soil water availability and consequently a relatively longer growing season. In contrast, deciduous species showed no correlation between their functional traits and growth rate. The distinct water use strategies of evergreen and deciduous trees may offer a potential explanation for their co-existence in the tropical karst forests.

关键词: Functional traits, Growth rates, Drought-tolerant, Hydraulic conductivity, Leaf anatomy traits, Tropical karst forest

Yu-Mei Yan, Ze-Xin Fan, Pei-Li Fu, Zhi-Yong Zhang. Drought tolerance traits explain differential stem growth rates of evergreen and deciduous trees in a tropical karst forest[J]. Plant Diversity, 2025, 47(03): 454-465.

References

Ackerly, D., 2004. Functional strategies of chaparral shrubs in relation to seasonal water deficit and disturbance. Ecol. Monogr. 74, 25-44.
Aguirre-Gutierrez, J., Oliveras, I., Rifai, S., et al., 2019. Drier tropical forests are susceptible to functional changes in response to a long-term drought. Ecol. Lett. 22, 855-865.
Alvarez-Clare, S., Kitajima, K., 2007. Physical defense traits enhance seedling survival of neotropical tree species. Funct. Ecol. 21, 1044-1054.
Anderegg, W.R.L., Flint, A., Huang, C.Y., et al., 2015. Tree mortality predicted from drought-induced vascular damage. Nat. Geosci. 8, 367-371.
Anderegg, W.R.L., Klein, T., Bartlett, M., et al., 2016. Meta-analysis reveals that hydraulic traits explain cross-species patterns of drought-induced tree mortality across the globe. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 113, 5024-5029.
Apgaua, D.M.G., Ishida, F.Y., Tng, D.Y.P., et al., 2015. Functional traits and water transport strategies in lowland tropical rainforest trees. PLoS One. 10, e0130799.
Avila-Lovera, E., Urich, R., Coronel, I., Tezara, W., 2019. Seasonal gas exchange and resource-use efficiency in evergreen versus deciduous species from a tropical dry forest. Tree Physiol. 39, 1561-1571.
Baas, P., Ewers, F.W., Davis, S.D. et al., 2004. Evolution of xylem physiology. The Evolution of Plant Physiology (eds A.R. Hemsley and I. Poole), pp. 273-295. Elsevier Academic Press, London, UK.
Baker, T.R., Burslem, D.F.R.P., Swaine, M.D., 2003. Associations between tree growth, soil fertility and water availability at local and regional scales in Ghanaian tropical rain forest. J. Trop. Ecol. 19, 109-125.
Binks, O., Meir, P., Rowland, L., et al., 2016. Plasticity in leaf-level water relations of tropical rainforest trees in response to experimental drought. New Phytol. 211, 477-488.
Bonan, G.B., 2008. Forests and climate change: forcings, feedbacks, and the climate benefits of forests. Science 320, 1444-1449.
Bowman, D., Prior, L.D., 2005. Why do evergreen trees dominate the Australian seasonal tropics? Aust. J. Bot. 53, 379-399.
Brodribb,T.J., Holbrook, N.M., 2004. Diurnal depression of leaf hydraulic conductance in a tropical tree species. Plant Cell Environ. 27, 820-827.
Canham, C.A., Froend, R.H., Stock, W.D., 2009. Water stress vulnerability of four Banksia species in contrasting ecohydrological habitats on the Gnangara Mound, Western Australia. Plant Cell Environ. 32, 64-72.
Cao, K.F., 2000. Leaf anatomy and chlorophyll content of 12 woody species in contrasting light conditions in a Bornean heath forest. Can. J. Bot. 78, 1245-1253.
Carlquist, S., 1977. Ecological factors in wood evolution: a floristic approach. Am. J. Bot. 64, 887-896.
Chen, J.W., Zhang, Q., Cao, K.F., 2009. Inter-species variation of photosynthetic and xylem hydraulic traits in the deciduous and evergreen Euphorbiaceae tree species from a seasonally tropical forest in southwestern China. Ecol. Res. 24, 65-73.
Chen, Y.J., Bongers, F., Tomlinson, K., et al., 2015. Time lags between crown and basal sap flows in tropical lianas and co-occurring trees. Tree. Physiol. 36, 736-747.
Choat, B., Ball, M.C., Luly, J.G., et al., 2004. Hydraulic architecture of deciduous and evergreen dry rainforest tree species from north-eastern Australia. Trees Struct. Funct. 19, 305-311.
Chaerle, L., Saibo, N., Straeten, D.V.D., 2005. Tuning the pores: towards engineering plants for improved water use efficiency. Trends Biotechnol. 23, 308-315.
Choat, B., Brodribb, T.J., Brodersen, C.R., et al., 2018. Triggers of tree mortality under drought. Nature. 558, 531-539.
Corlett, R.T., 2016. The impacts of droughts in tropical forests. Trends Plant Sci. 21, 584-593.
Delzon, S., 2015. New insight into leaf drought tolerance. Funct. Ecol. 29, 1247-1249.
Dong, S.X., Davies, S.J., Ashton, P.S., et al., 2012. Variability in solar radiation and temperature explains observed patterns and trends in tree growth rates across four tropical forests. P. Roy. Soc. B. Biol. Sci. 279, 3923-3931.
Eamus, D., 1999. Ecophysiological traits of deciduous and evergreen woody species in the seasonally dry tropics. Trends Ecol. Evol. 14, 11-16.
Fan, D.Y., Jie, S.L., Liu, C.C., et al., 2011. The trade-off between safety and efficiency in hydraulic architecture in 31 woody species in a karst area. Tree Physiol. 31, 865-877.
Fan, Z.X., Zhang, S.B., Hao, G.Y., et al., 2012. Hydraulic conductivity traits predict growth rates and adult stature of 40 Asian tropical tree species better than wood density. J. Ecol. 100, 732-741.
Farquhar, G.D., von Caemmerer, S., 1982. Modelling of photosynthetic response to environmental conditions. Encyclopedia of plant physiology. 12, 549-588.
Ferdous, J., Islam, M., Rahman, M., 2023. The role of tree size, wood anatomical and leaf stomatal traits in shaping tree hydraulic efficiency and safety in a South Asian tropical moist forest. Glob. Ecol. Conserv. 43, e02453.
Friedlingstein, P., Jones, M.W., O'Sullivan, M., et al., 2019. Research collection: global carbon budget 2019, Optimal parameter tuning of feedback controllers with application to biomolecular antithetic integral control. Earth Syst. Sci. Data 11,1783-1838.
Fu, P.L., Jiang, Y.J., Wang, A.Y., et al., 2012. Stem hydraulic traits and leaf water-stress tolerance are coordinated with the leaf phenology of angiosperm trees in an Asian tropical dry karst forest. Ann. Bot. 110, 189-199.
Fu, P.L., Liu, W.J., Fan, Z.X., et al., 2015. Is fog an important water source for woody plants in an Asian tropical karst forest during the dry season? Ecohydrology. 9, 964-972.
Fu, P.L., Zhu, S.D., Zhang, J.L., et al., 2019. The contrasting leaf functional traits between a karst forest and a nearby non-karst forest in south-west China. Funct. Plant Biol. 46, 907-915.
Gamage, H.K., Ashton, M.S., Singakumara, B.M.P., 2003. Leaf structure of Syzygium spp. (Myrtaceae) in relation to site affinity within a tropical rain forest. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 141, 365-377.
Givnish, T.J., 2002. Adaptive significance of evergreen vs. deciduous leaves: solving the triple paradox. Silva Fenn. 36, 703-743.
Gonzalez-M, R., Posada, J.M., Carmona, C.P., et al., 2021. Diverging functional strategies but high sensitivity to an extreme drought in tropical dry forests. Ecol. Lett. 24, 451-463.
Hacke, U.G., Sperry, J.S., Wheeler, J.K., et al., 2006. Scaling of angiosperm xylem structure with safety and efficiency. Tree Physiol. 26, 689-701.
Hietz, P., Valencia, R., Wright, S.J., 2013. Strong radial variation in wood density follows a uniform pattern in two neotropical rain forests. Funct. Ecol. 27, 684-692.
Hoeber, S., Leuschner, C., Kohler, L., et al., 2014. The importance of hydraulic conductivity and wood density to growth performance in eight tree species from a tropical semi-dry climate. For. Ecol. Manage. 330, 126-136.
Ishida, A., Harayama, H., Yazaki, K., et al., 2010. Seasonal variations of gas exchange and water relations in deciduous and evergreen trees in monsoonal dry forests of Thailand. Tree Physiol. 30, 935-945.
Islam, M., Rahman, M., Brauning, A., 2018a. Long-term hydraulic adjustment of three tropical moist forest tree species to changing climate. Front. Plant Sci. 9, 1761.
Islam, M., Rahman, M., Brauning, A., 2018b. Xylem anatomical responses of diffuse porous Chukrasia tabularis to climate in a South Asian moist tropical forest. Ecol. Manag. 412, 9-20.
Islam, M., Rahman, M., Brauning, A., 2019a. Impact of extreme drought on tree-ring width and vessel anatomical features of Chukrasia tabularis. Dendrochronologia. 53, 63-72.
Islam, M., Rahman, M., Brauning, A., 2019b. Long-term wood anatomical time series of two ecologically contrasting tropical tree species reveal differential hydraulic adjustment to climatic stress. Agric. Meteorol. 265, 412-423.
Jin, Y., Russo, S.E., Yu, M., Gilliam, F., 2018. Effects of light and topography on regeneration and coexistence of evergreen and deciduous tree species in a Chinese subtropical forest. J. Ecol. 106, 1634-1645.
Kerkhoff, A.J., Enquist, B.J., 2009. Multiplicative by nature: why logarithmic transformation is necessary in allometry. J. Theor. Biol. 257, 519-521.
Kramer, P.J., Boyer, J.S., 1995. Water Relations of Plants and Soils. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA.
Krober, W., Heklau, H., Bruelheide, H., 2014. Leaf morphology of 40 evergreen and deciduous broadleaved subtropical tree species and relationships to functional ecophysiological traits. Plant Biol. 17, 373-383.
Kursar, T.A., Engelbrecht, B., Burke, A., et al., 2009. Tolerance to low leaf water status of tropical tree seedlings is related to drought performance and distribution. Funct. Ecol. X, 1-10.
Laurance, S.G., Laurance, W.F., Nascimento, H.E., et al., 2009. Long-term variation in amazon forest dynamics. J. Veg. Sci. 20, 323-333.
Le, S., Josse, J., Husson, F., 2008. FactoMineR: an R package for multivariate analysis. J. Stat. Softw. 25, 1-18.
Liu, J.Y., Fu, P.L., Wang, Y.J., et al., 2012. Different drought-adaptation strategies as characterized by hydraulic and water-relations traits of evergreen and deciduous figs in a tropical karst forest. Plant Sci. J. 30, 484-493.
Liu, C., Liu, Y., Guo, K., et al., 2014. Concentrations and resorption patterns of 13 nutrients in different plant functional types in the karst region of south-western China. Ann Bot-London. 113, 873-875.
Liu, H., Ye, Q., Gleason, S.M., et al., 2021. Weak tradeoff between xylem hydraulic efficiency and safety: climatic seasonality matters. New Phytol. 229, 1440-1452.
Liu, J., Shen, Y.X., Zhu, X.A., 2019. Spatial distribution patterns of rock fragments and their underlying mechanism of migration on steep hillslopes in a karst region of Yunnan Province, China. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int. 26, 24840-24849.
Liu, Y.Y., Chao, L., Li, Z.G., et al., 2024. Water storage capacity is inversely associated with xylem embolism resistance in tropical karst tree species. Tree Physiol. 44, tape017.
Lin, Y., Medlyn, B.E., Duursma, R.A., et al. 2015. Optimal stomatal behaviour around the world. Nat. Clim. Chang. 5, 459-464.
Linger, E., Hogan, J.A., Cao, M., et al., 2020. Precipitation influences on the net primary productivity of a tropical seasonal rainforest in Southwest China: a 9-year case study. For. Ecol. Manage. 467, 118-153.
Machado, S.R., Rodella, R.A., Angyalossy, V., et al., 2007. Structural variations in root and stem wood of styrax (Styracaceae) from Brazilian forest and Cerrado. IAWA J. 28, 173-188.
Markesteijn, L., Poorter, L., Bongers, F., 2007. Light-dependent leaf trait variation in 43 tropical dry forest tree species. Am. J. Bot. 94, 515-525.
Markesteijn, L., Poorter, L., 2009. Seedling root morphology and biomass allocation of 62 tropical tree species in relation to drought- and shade-tolerance. J. Econ. 97, 311-325.
Markesteijn, L., Poorter, L., Paz, H., et al., 2011. Ecological differentiation in xylem cavitation resistance is associated with stem and leaf structural traits. Plant Cell Environ. 34, 137-148.
Matos, F.A.R., Magnago, L.F.S., Aquila Chan Miranda, C., et al., 2020. Secondary forest fragments offer important carbon and biodiversity cobenefits. Global Change Biol. 26, 509-522.
Meinzer, F.C., Woodruff, D.R., Domec, J.C., et al., 2008. Coordination of leaf and stem water-transport properties in tropical forest trees. Oecologia. 156, 31-41.
Nieuwenhuize, J., Maas, Y.E.M., Middelburg, J.J., 1994. Rapid analysis of organic carbon and nitrogen in particulate materials. Mar. Chem. 45, 217-224.
Niinemets, U., 2001. Global-scale climatic controls of leaf dry mass per area, density, and thickness in trees and shrubs. Ecol. 82, 453-469.
Ongole, S., Teegalapalli, K., Byrapoghu, V., 2021. Functional traits predict tree-level phenological strategies in a mesic Indian savanna. Biotropica. 53, 1432-1441.
Osnas, J.L.D., Katabuchi, M., Kitajima, K., et al., 2018. Divergent drivers of leaf trait variation within species, among species, and among functional groups. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 155, 5480-5485.
Pan, Y., Birdsey, R.A., Fang, J., Houghton, R., et al., 2011. A large and persistent carbon sink in the world's forests. Science. 333, 988-993.
Pearson, T.R.H., Burslem, D.F.R.P., Dalling, G.J.W., 2003. Interactions of gap size and herbivory on establishment, growth and survival of three species of neotropical pioneer trees. J. Econ. 91, 785-796.
Pockman, W.T., Sperry, J.S., 2000. Vulnerability to xylem cavitation and the distribution of Sonoran desert vegetation. Am. J. Bot. 87,1287-1299.
Poorter, H., Niinemets, U., Poorter, L., et al., 2009. Causes and consequences of variation in leaf mass per area (LMA): a meta-analysis. New Phytol. 182, 565-588.
Prior, L.D., Eamus, D., Bowman, D.M.J.S., 2004. Tree growth rates in north Australian savanna habitats: seasonal patterns and correlations with leaf attributes. Aust. J. Bot. 52, 303-314.
Qi, J.H., Fan, Z.X., Fu, P.L., et al., 2020. Differential determinants of growth rates in subtropical evergreen and deciduous juvenile trees: carbon gain, hydraulics and nutrient-use efficiencies. Tree Physiol. 41, 12-23.
Quigley, M., Platt, W., 2003. Composition and structure of seasonally deciduous forests in the Americas. Ecol. Monogr. 73, 87-106.
Querejeta, J.I., Estrada-Medina, H., Allen, M.F., et al., 2007. Water source partitioning among trees growing on shallow karst soils in a seasonally dry tropical climate. Oecologia. 152, 26-36.
Rodrigues, R.D., Silva, J.L.A., Trindade, D.N.M., et al., 2022. Leaf habits and their relationship with leaf and wood traits in tropical dry forests. Trees (Berl.). 36, 7-24.
Roth, I., 1984. Stratification of Tropical Forests as Seen in Leaf Structures. Kluwer, Dordrecht, Netherlands. 521.
Rowland, L., da Costa, A.C.L., Galbraith, D.R., et al., 2015. Death from drought in tropical forests is triggered by hydraulics not carbon starvation. Nature. 528, 119-122.
R Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. 2021. https://www.R-project.org/.
Russo, S.E., Kitajima K., 2016. The ecophysiology of leaf lifespan in tropical forests: adaptive and plastic reses to environmental heterogeneity. In: Goldstein G, Santiago L (eds) Tropical Tree Physiology, First ed. Springer, Berlin. pp 357-383.
Schwinning, S., 2008. The water relations of two evergreen tree species in a karst savanna. Oecologia. 158, 373-383.
Sperry, J.S., 2003. Evolution of water transport and xylem structure. Int. J. Plant Sci. 164, S115-S127.
Sperry, J.S., Sullivan, J.E.M., 1992. Xylem embolism in response to freezethaw cycles and water stress in ring-porous, diffuse-porous, and conifer species. Plant Physiol. 100, 605-613.
Tng, D.Y.P., Apgaua, D.M.G., Ishida, Y.F., et al., 2018. Rainforest trees respond to drought by modifying their hydraulic architecture. Ecol. Evol. 8, 12479-12491.
Tomlinson, K.W., Poorter, L.S., Frank, J., et al., 2013. Leaf adaptations of evergreen and deciduous trees of semi-arid and humid savannas on three continents. J. Ecol. 2, 430-440.
Tyree, M.T., Davis, S.D., Cochard, H., 1994. Biophysical perspectives of xylem evolution: is there a tradeoff of hydraulic efficiency for vulnerability to dysfunction? IAWA J. 15, 335-360.
Wagner, F., Rossi, V., Stahl, C., et al., 2012. Water availability is the main climate driver of neotropical tree growth. PLoS One. 7, 1-11.
Wang, L., He, Y.J., Umer, M., et al., 2023a. Strategic differentiation of subcommunities composed of evergreen and deciduous woody species associated with leaf functional traits in the subtropical mixed forest. Ecol. Indicat. 150, 110281.
Wang, Y.Q., Song, H.Q., Chen, Y.J., et al., 2023b. Hydraulic determinants of drought-induced tree mortality and changes in tree abundance between two tropical forests with different water availability. Agric. For. Meteorol. 331, 109329.
Warton, D.I., Duursma, R.A., Falster, D.S., Taskinen, S., 2012. SMATR 3-an R package for estimation and inference about allometric lines. Methods Ecol. Evol. 3, 257-259.
Wright, I.J., Reich, P.B., Mark, W., et al., 2004. The worldwide leaf economics spectrum. Nature. 428, 821-827.
Wurth, M.K.R., Pelaez-Riedl, S., Wright, S.J., et al., 2005. Non-structural carbohydrate pools in a tropical forest. Oecologia. 143, 11-24.
Yan, Y.M., Fan, Z.X., Fu, P. L., et al. 2020. Size dependent associations between tree diameter growth rates and functional traits in an Asian tropical seasonal rainforest. Funct. Plant Biol. 48, 231-240.
Zhang, J.G., Chen, H.S., Su, Y.R., et al., 2011. Spatial variability and patterns of surface soil moisture in a field plot of karst area in southwest China. Plant Soil Environ. 57, 409-417.
Zhu, H., Wang, H., Li, B., et al., 2003. Biogeography and floristic affinities of the limestone flora in southern Yunnan, China. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 90, 444-465.
Zhang, S.B., Zhang, J.L., Cao, K.F., 2017. Divergent hydraulic safety strategies in three co-occurring Anacardiaceae tree species in a Chinese savanna. Front. Plant Sci. 7, 2075.
Zhang, S.B., Wen, G.J., Yang, D.X., 2019. Drought-induced mortality is related to hydraulic vulnerability segmentation of tree species in a savanna ecosystem. Forests, 10, 697.
Zhu, S.D., Chen, Y.J. Fu, P.L., et al., 2017. Different hydraulic traits of woody plants from tropical forests with contrasting soil water availability. Tree Physiol. 37, 1469-1477.
Zhu, S.D., Chen, Y.J., Ye, Q., et al., 2018. Leaf turgor loss point is correlated with drought tolerance and leaf carbon economics traits. Tree Physiol. 38, 658-663.

[1]	Wenjie Guo, Lu Gong, Yan Luo, Qian Guo. Does season regulate heterochronous leaf growth? Mechanisms of petiole-lamina trade-offs in broad-leaved woody plants of the Tianshan Mountains [J]. Plant Diversity, 2024, 46(06): 755-765.
[2]	Amarpreet Kaur, Shalinder Kaur, Harminder Pal Singh, Daizy R. Batish. Is intraspecific trait differentiation in Parthenium hysterophorus a consequence of hereditary factors and/or phenotypic plasticity? [J]. Plant Diversity, 2023, 45(05): 611-620.
[3]	Korina Ocampo-Zuleta, Ángela Parrado-Rosselli. Functional diversity in an Andean subpáramo affected by wildfire in Colombia [J]. Plant Diversity, 2023, 45(04): 385-396.
[4]	Wumei Xu, Kyle W. Tomlinson, Jie Li. Strong intraspecific trait variation in a tropical dominant tree species along an elevational gradient [J]. Plant Diversity, 2020, 42(01): 1-6.
[5]	WANG Ai-Ying^, , JIANG Yan-Juan^, , HAO Guang-You ^, , CAO Kun-Fang. The Effect of Seasonal Drought to Plant Hydraulics and Photosynthesis of Three Dominant Evergreen Tree Species in Seasonal Tropical Rainforest of Xishuangbanna Limestone Area [J]. Plant Diversity, 2008, 30(03): 325-332.

Drought tolerance traits explain differential stem growth rates of evergreen and deciduous trees in a tropical karst forest

Drought tolerance traits explain differential stem growth rates of evergreen and deciduous trees in a tropical karst forest

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 5

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments