We are not all the same: The role of intrapopulation trait variability in shaping functional strategy and performance of widespread species

doi:10.1016/j.pld.2025.06.008

Plant Diversity ›› 2026, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (03): 576-585.DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2025.06.008

We are not all the same: The role of intrapopulation trait variability in shaping functional strategy and performance of widespread species

Welington L. Sachetti^a, Vitor de A. Kamimura^a, Juliana L. S. Mayer^a, Beatriz L. Arida^a, Thales M. de Lima^b,c, Diego S. Graciano^a, Fábio Pinheiro^a

a Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Cidade Universitária, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-862, Brazil;
b Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, United Kingdom;
c Institute of Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, United Kingdom

收稿日期:2024-10-16 修回日期:2025-06-18 出版日期:2026-05-25 发布日期:2026-06-10
通讯作者: Vitor de A. Kamimura,E-mail:vitorkami@msn.com
基金资助:
Support for this work was provided by the Fundação de Amparoa à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP; grant no. 2019/02150-3 and CEPID #2021/10639-5). Additional funds were provided by grants from FAEPEX (FUNCAMP) to FP, and fellowships to WLSJ (FAPESP grant no. 2022/07600-2), BLA (FAPESP no. 2021/10798-6), TML (FAPESP no. 2020/12723-0), VAK (FAPESP no. 2022/09041-0), DSG (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPQ no. 140174/2021-4), JLSM (CNPq productivity grant no. 309175/ 2023-2), and FP (CNPq productivity grant no. 302849/2021-1). This study was also financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfei-çoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001.

We are not all the same: The role of intrapopulation trait variability in shaping functional strategy and performance of widespread species

Welington L. Sachetti^a, Vitor de A. Kamimura^a, Juliana L. S. Mayer^a, Beatriz L. Arida^a, Thales M. de Lima^b,c, Diego S. Graciano^a, Fábio Pinheiro^a

a Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Cidade Universitária, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-862, Brazil;
b Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, United Kingdom;
c Institute of Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, United Kingdom

Received:2024-10-16 Revised:2025-06-18 Online:2026-05-25 Published:2026-06-10
Contact: Vitor de A. Kamimura,E-mail:vitorkami@msn.com
Supported by:
Support for this work was provided by the Fundação de Amparoa à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP; grant no. 2019/02150-3 and CEPID #2021/10639-5). Additional funds were provided by grants from FAEPEX (FUNCAMP) to FP, and fellowships to WLSJ (FAPESP grant no. 2022/07600-2), BLA (FAPESP no. 2021/10798-6), TML (FAPESP no. 2020/12723-0), VAK (FAPESP no. 2022/09041-0), DSG (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPQ no. 140174/2021-4), JLSM (CNPq productivity grant no. 309175/ 2023-2), and FP (CNPq productivity grant no. 302849/2021-1). This study was also financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfei-çoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001.

摘要/Abstract

摘要： Functional traits influence plant performance and adaptability to environmental changes, as environments select optimal phenotypes, leading to diverse functional strategies. While trait-based studies emphasize intraspecific trait variability (ITV) in response to environmental variations, the effects of phenotype-environment relationships and ITV on the performance of widely distributed species remain unclear. Here, we evaluated how intraspecific phenotypic dissimilarity (IPD) between populations, ITV within populations, and biotic and abiotic factors influence the functional strategies and performance of eight Epidendrum fulgens populations along a latitudinal gradient on the Brazilian coast. Data on seven functional traits (leaf and anatomical) and performance (fruit set over two years) were collected, and biotic and abiotic factors were analyzed using bioclimatic variables and phylogenetic structures of plant communities. The functional space was evaluated using PCA, and GLMs were employed to assess the impacts of environmental factors, species interactions, IPD, and ITV on performance. Populations exhibited distinct functional strategies, with warmer, wetter environments favoring acquisitive strategies and colder, drier areas favoring conservative ones. Notably, IPD and, unexpectedly, were correlated with improved performance, with IPD mitigating temperature stress. ITV within populations had significant but context-dependent effects on outcomes. In summary, our findings highlight the role of intrapopulation trait variability in driving shifts in functional strategies across environmental gradients, improving performance through increased phenotypic dissimilarity. The interplay of ITV within populations, environmental conditions, and interspecific competition shapes plant strategies and performance across diverse habitats.

关键词: Latitudinal gradient, Phenotype, Plant adaptability, Plant population, Reproduction, Species interactions

Abstract: Functional traits influence plant performance and adaptability to environmental changes, as environments select optimal phenotypes, leading to diverse functional strategies. While trait-based studies emphasize intraspecific trait variability (ITV) in response to environmental variations, the effects of phenotype-environment relationships and ITV on the performance of widely distributed species remain unclear. Here, we evaluated how intraspecific phenotypic dissimilarity (IPD) between populations, ITV within populations, and biotic and abiotic factors influence the functional strategies and performance of eight Epidendrum fulgens populations along a latitudinal gradient on the Brazilian coast. Data on seven functional traits (leaf and anatomical) and performance (fruit set over two years) were collected, and biotic and abiotic factors were analyzed using bioclimatic variables and phylogenetic structures of plant communities. The functional space was evaluated using PCA, and GLMs were employed to assess the impacts of environmental factors, species interactions, IPD, and ITV on performance. Populations exhibited distinct functional strategies, with warmer, wetter environments favoring acquisitive strategies and colder, drier areas favoring conservative ones. Notably, IPD and, unexpectedly, were correlated with improved performance, with IPD mitigating temperature stress. ITV within populations had significant but context-dependent effects on outcomes. In summary, our findings highlight the role of intrapopulation trait variability in driving shifts in functional strategies across environmental gradients, improving performance through increased phenotypic dissimilarity. The interplay of ITV within populations, environmental conditions, and interspecific competition shapes plant strategies and performance across diverse habitats.

Key words: Latitudinal gradient, Phenotype, Plant adaptability, Plant population, Reproduction, Species interactions

Welington L. Sachetti, Vitor de A. Kamimura, Juliana L. S. Mayer, Beatriz L. Arida, Thales M. de Lima, Diego S. Graciano, Fábio Pinheiro. We are not all the same: The role of intrapopulation trait variability in shaping functional strategy and performance of widespread species[J]. Plant Diversity, 2026, 48(03): 576-585.

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We are not all the same: The role of intrapopulation trait variability in shaping functional strategy and performance of widespread species

We are not all the same: The role of intrapopulation trait variability in shaping functional strategy and performance of widespread species

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