Analysis of height and diameter growth patterns in Sakhalin fir seedlings competing with evergreen dwarf bamboo and deciduous vegetation using generalized additive models

Hisanori Harayama, Takeshi Yamada, Mitsutoshi Kitao, Ikutaro Tsuyama

JOURNAL OF FORESTRY RESEARCH . 2025, (1): 1 . DOI: 10.1007/s11676-025-01858-3