Abstract: This paper listed 13 endemic genera that belonged to the desert region of Central Asia systematically, such as Potaninia, Ammopiptanthus, Tetraena, Stilpnolepis, Zollikaferia, Kaschgaria, Elachanthemum, Synstemon, Timouria, Sympegma, Iljinia and Sarcozygium. These monotypic or bitypic genera are isolated in the taxonomy, ancient in origin and advanced in the evolutionary system; they are all xerophytes and most of them are desert species, while in their life-forms shrubs and semi-shrubs are superior in numbers. The origins of all the genera are polygenetic, but the owned a common distributional center in the desert region of Alashan.

Key words: Endemic genera

摘要： 系统地列出了亚洲中部荒漠区的13个植物特有属或近特有属——绵刺属、沙冬青属、四合木属、百花蒿属、革苞菊属、河西菊属、喀什菊属、紊蒿属、连蕊芥属、钝基草属、合头藜属、戈壁藜属、霸王属。这些属都是单种属或双种属，分类上属于孤立的类群；演化系统上是既起源古老而又进化的类群；生态上都是旱生植物，绝大多数是荒漠种，其生活型灌木和半灌木占优势；地理分布上阿拉善荒漠区是其特有属的分布中心；起源上是多元的。

关键词: 特有属, 区系地理成分, 荒漠区, 亚洲中部